Ο άγιος Ιάκωβος ήταν υιός του Ιωσήφ του Μνήστορος από τον πρώτο του γάμο. Ευλογήθηκε παρά Θεού όταν ήταν ακόμη στην κοιλία της μητρός του, και υπήρξε τόσο δίκαιος στον βίο του ώστε όλοι οι Εβραίοι τον αποκαλούσαν «Δίκαιο» και «Ωβλία», που στα εβραϊκά σημαίνει «προμαχών λαού» και «δικαιοσύνη». Από την παιδική ήδη ηλικία, ο Ιάκωβος έζησε με την πιο αυστηρή άσκηση. Δεν έπινε κρασί ούτε άλλα δυνατά ποτά. Μιμούμενος τον άγιο Ιωάννη τον Πρόδρομο, δεν έτρωγε ποτέ τίποτε από όσα έχουν πνοή ζωής μέσα τους. Ξυράφι ποτέ δεν πέρασε επί της κεφαλής του, όπως ορίζει ο Νόμος για όσους αφιερώνονται στον Θεό (Αριθ. 6, 5). Ποτέ του δεν λουζόταν και δεν χριόταν με έλαιο, προκρίνοντας τη μέριμνα της ψυχής έναντι εκείνης του σώματος.
Μετά την Ανάληψη του Κυρίου, οι Απόστολοι ομοφώνως εξέλεξαν τον δίκαιο Ιάκωβο πρώτο επίσκοπο Ιεροσολύμων. Τέλειος σε όλες τις αρετές της πράξεως και της θεωρίας, ο Ιάκωβος μόνος εισερχόταν στα Άγια των Αγίων της Καινής Διαθήκης -όχι μια φορά τον χρόνο όπως έπραττε ο αρχιερεύς των Ιουδαίων- αλλά κάθε μέρα για να τελέσει τα άγια Μυστήρια. Ενδεδυμένος ύφασμα λινό, εισερχόταν μόνος στον Ναό, και επί ώρες στεκόταν γονυπετής πρεσβεύοντας υπέρ του λαού και της σωτηρίας του κόσμου, σε βαθμό που τα γόνατά του έγιναν σκληρά σαν πέτρα.
Προήδρευσε της Αποστολικής Συνόδου και σχετικά με το αν πρέπει να περιτέμνονται οι εθνικοί που ασπάζονταν τη χριστιανική πίστη, πρότεινε να μην επιβαρύνονται οι προσήλυτοι με τις επιταγές του παλαιού Νόμου αλλά να τους ζητηθεί να απέχουν μόνον της πορνείας και των ειδωλοθύτων (Πραξ. 15, 20). Συνέταξε επίσης την επιστολή που φέρει το όνομα του στην Αγία Γραφή. Στην επιστολή αυτή διορθώνει όσους θεωρούν τον Θεό ως αιτία των κακών: ο γαρ Θεός απείραστός εστι κακών, πειράζει δε ουδένα· έκαστος δε πειράζεται υπό της ιδίας επιθυμίας εξελκόμενος και δελεαζόμενος (Ιακ. 1, 13-14).
Προτρέπει επίσης τους χριστιανούς να μην περιοριστούν στην ομολογία της πίστεώς τους στον Χριστό, αλλά να ακτινοβολεί η πίστη τους μέσα από τα έργα της αρετής. Ώσπερ γαρ το σώμα χωρίς πνεύματος νεκρόν έστιν, ούτω και η πίστις χωρίς των έργων νεκρά έστι (Ιακ. 2, 26). Προσθέτει πολλές άλλες συμβουλές για το πως να διάγει κανείς βίο θεάρεστο και να αποκτήσει τη σοφία την παρά Θεού, διδάσκοντάς μας να αναγνωρίζουμε εν παντί το δώρο του Κυρίου: πάσα δόσις αγαθή και παν δώρημα τέλειον άνωθεν έστι καταβαίνον από του πατρός των φώτων, παρ’ ω ουκ ένι παραλλαγή ή τροπής αποσκίασμα (Ιακ. 1, 16). Ο άγιος Ιάκωβος συνέταξε επίσης τη θεία Λειτουργία, που φέρει το όνομά του και αποτελεί πηγή όλων των λειτουργιών της Ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας.
Περί το έτος 62, η Ιουδαία βρισκόταν σε αταξία και αναρχία μετά τον θάνατο του ηγεμόνος Φήστου· οι Εβραίοι, που είχαν αποτύχει στην απόπειρά τους να θανατωθεί ο Παύλος (Πραξ. 25-26), στράφηκαν κατά του Ιακώβου, του οποίου η φήμη ως δικαίου έκανε τον λαό να εμπιστεύεται το κήρυγμά του. Πολλοί, κόσμος απλός αλλά και πρόκριτοι, είχαν ασπαστεί την πίστη και οι γραμματείς και οι φαρισαίοι εφοβούντο ότι εντός ολίγου όλοι θα αναγνώριζαν στο πρόσωπο του Ιησού τον Μεσσία.
Παρουσιάστηκαν τότε στον επίσκοπο Ιεροσολύμων, πλήρεις υποκρισίας, επαίνεσαν την αρετή και τη δικαιοσύνη του και του είπαν: «Παρακαλούμεν σε, τον δίκαιο και αμερόληπτο, να προτρέψεις τον λαό που σύντομα θα συναθροιστεί για το Πάσχα να μην υποπέσει σε πλάνη σχετικά με το πρόσωπο του Ιησού. Παρακαλούμεν σε να ανέλθεις στο πτερύγιο του ναού ώστε να σε βλέπει και να σε ακούει όλος ο λαός, και οι εθνικοί ακόμη που θα συγκεντρωθούν για την εορτή».
Όταν ο Ιάκωβος ανέβηκε στο πτερύγιο του ναού, οι γραμματείς και οι φαρισαίοι του φώναξαν μέσα από το πλήθος: «Ειπέ ημίν, δίκαιε, εις τί να πιστεύσωμεν διότι ο λαός πλανάται και ακολουθεί Ιησούν τον σταυρωθέντα, Φανέρωσέ μας ποιός είναι αυτός ο Ιησούς». Ο δε Ιάκωβος, με στεντόρεια φωνή απάντησε: «Διατί με ερωτάτε διά τον Υιόν του Ανθρώπου; Εκείνος κάθεται τώρα στον ουρανό, δεξιά της Δυνάμεως του Πατρός Του και θα έλθει πάλι καθεζόμενος επί νεφελών για να κρίνει εν τη δικαιοσύνη του την οικουμένην άπασα».
Πολλοί ήταν εκείνοι οι οποίοι πίστεψαν στη μαρτυρία του Ιακώβου και ανέκραξαν: «Ωσαννά τω υιώ Δαβίδ!» Οι γραμματείς όμως και οι φαρισαίοι έτριξαν τους οδόντας και φώναξαν: «Ως και ο Δίκαιος επλανήθη!» Έτρεξαν στο πτερύγιο του ναού και έριξαν καταγής τον Δίκαιο, για να πληρωθεί το ρηθέν υπό Ησαΐου του προφήτου: Άρωμεν τον δίκαιον, ότι δύσχρηστος ημίν έστι (Ησ. 3, 10). Παρά το ύψος από το όποιο έπεσε, ο Ιάκωβος δεν σκοτώθηκε πέφτοντας και οι Ιουδαίοι άρχισαν να τον λιθοβολούν. Ο άγιος σηκώθηκε και γονατίζοντας ανέκραξε προς τον Θεό, κατά μίμηση του Χριστού και του αγίου Στεφάνου (Λουκ, 23, 34·Πράξεις 7, 59- 60): «Ικετεύω σε Θεέ μου και Πατέρα επουράνιε, άφες αυτοίς, ου γαρ οίδασι τι ποιούσιν!»
Κι ενώ προσευχόταν για τους διώκτες και δημίους του, ένας Ιουδαίος από το πλήθος, κατελήφθη από μανία βλέποντας την ακλόνητη αγάπη του Δικαίου· πήρε το ξύλο με το οποίο στράγγιζαν τα υφάσματα, τον κτύπησε στην κεφαλή και έτσι ο Ιάκωβος ο Δίκαιος μαρτύρησε την πίστη του στον Σωτήρα Χριστό. Τον ενταφίασαν επί τόπου κοντά στον Ναό. Τόση ήταν η φήμη της αρετής του Ιακώβου ώστε ακόμη και οι πλέον σκεπτικιστές Εβραίοι θεώρησαν τον μαρτυρικό του θάνατο ως αίτια της πολιορκίας και της καταστροφής της Ιερουσαλήμ το έτος 70.
(Νέος Συναξαριστής της Ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας, Οκτώβριος, εκδ. Ίνδικτος, σ. 273-275)
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